The available transformations are listed in the following table.
Transformations
旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컫컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 쿚peration 쿝esult � 쳐컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컵컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 쿞caling 쿞hrinks or enlarges the object � 쳐컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컵컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 쿝eflection 쿎reates a mirror image of an object with � � 퀁espect to the x- or y- axis � 쳐컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컵컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 쿝otation 쿝otates the object � 쳐컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컵컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 쿟ranslation 쿞hifts the object with respect to the origin� � 쿽f the coordinate system � 쳐컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컵컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 쿞hear 쿝otates either all the vertical or all the � � 쿴orizontal lines in an object � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컨컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴�
These basic operations can be combined.
The PM provides special functions to perform scaling, rotation, and translation and also enables applications to specify the transformation matrix directly. Applications can specify values for more than one type of transformation on a single transformation call.
Transformations are used to manipulate graphic objects as they are being moved from one coordinate space to another. These operations are performed by functions called transformation functions. There are also functions that help perform the transformations called helper functions.
The scaling, reflection, rotation, translation, and shear transformations are best demonstrated by applying them to a picture. The following figure shows the image of a flag before any transformations have been applied. The flag is defined by five points. Their (x,y) coordinates are (0,0), (0,4), (0,6), (2,6), and (2,4).
Flag Before Transformation
In the next several sections, where the transformations are described in detail, the effect of the transformation on the flag is illustrated.